During the late 1800s and early 1900s, Baku became one of the world’s most important oil cities. Wealthy industrialists and merchants built luxurious residential buildings throughout the city, many designed in European architectural styles.
More than a century later, a large number of these buildings are still used as residential housing. While their original layouts were often changed during the Soviet period, they remain unique properties within the central districts of Baku.
Taghiyev Apartment House
One of the most famous residential buildings from the oil boom era was built by Haji Zeynalabdin Taghiyev, one of the wealthiest oil magnates of the time.
Constructed in the late 19th century, the building was designed as high-end rental housing for wealthy residents. Located near Nizami Street, it features European neoclassical architecture, decorative balconies, and ornate stone façades.
After Soviet nationalization in 1920, the large apartments were divided into smaller units. Today the building still functions as residential housing.
Sadikhov Brothers Apartment House
The Sadikhov Brothers Apartment House, built in the early 20th century, was originally constructed as a revenue house designed to generate rental income.
The building reflects the European eclectic architectural style popular during Baku’s oil boom. Located in the historic center of the city, it remains a fully residential apartment building today.
The Mitrofanov House
The Mitrofanov House, built around 1898–1902 for oil industrialist Mikhail Mitrofanov, was originally a luxury mansion.
The building is known for its richly decorated stone façade with sculptural elements. During the Soviet period it was converted into multi-family apartments, and it still serves as residential housing.
The Babaev House
Another oil-era building is the Babaev House, constructed by the wealthy Babaev merchant family.
The building features Italian Renaissance architectural influences, high ceilings, and large interior spaces typical of pre-Soviet luxury homes. Like many historic buildings in central Baku, it was later subdivided into apartments and remains residential today.
Why Many Historic Baku Buildings Became Apartments
Several historical factors explain why many aristocratic houses in Baku became residential apartment buildings.
After Soviet nationalization in 1920, private mansions were confiscated and divided into communal apartments. Later, the growing population of central Baku increased demand for housing, leading to further subdivision of large residences.
Because these buildings were constructed with durable limestone and thick masonry walls, they have remained structurally stable for more than 100 years.
Historic Buildings and Modern Real Estate
Today many of these historic residential buildings are located in the most prestigious parts of the city, including:
- Sabayil district
- Nizami Street area
- Fountain Square zone
- Areas near Icherisheher
Apartments in these buildings are highly valued due to their historic architecture and central location, although many require renovation.
Conclusion
Historic oil-boom buildings that are still used as residential housing represent a unique segment of the Baku real estate market. They combine architectural heritage with prime locations and remain attractive to buyers interested in living in the historic center of the city.
